Linear perspective is a way of creating an illusion of three dimensions on a flat surface (or plane).
To construct a composition in linear perspective three basic elements are needed:
1. Horizon line
The horizon line is always located at eye level wherever we are looking. For instance if we are looking down or up, the eye level is always the same level as the eyes when looking straight ahead, not where we are looking down or up. Other examples are: if we are at the top of a mountain the horizon line is very high, or if lying on the beach and the level of the ocean where it meets the horizon drops with us.
2. Vanishing point
Converging points of parallel line/s that move away from us and appear on the horizon line. Depending on the type of perspective, there may be one of several vanishing ponts.
3. Convergence lines
These are receding parallel lines that converge at the vanishing point. In the case of rail tracks these lines meet on the horizon line.
Image: Giovanni Battista Piranesi
Fantasy on a Magnificent Triumphal Artch, 1765, etching
http://www.artexpertswebsite.com/pages/artists/piranesi.php
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