Exercise 4 Aerial Perspective

This is taken from Wikipedia, which I think sums up the meaning in detail but very clearly: Aerial perspective or atmospheric perspective refers to the effect the atmosphere has on the appearance of an object as it is viewed from a distance. As the distance between an object and a viewer increases, the contrast between the object and its background decreases, and the contrast of any markings or details within the object also decreases. The colours of the object also become less saturated and shift towards the background color, which is usually blue, but under some conditions may be some other color (for example, at sunrise or sunset distant colors may shift towards red).
In addition the colours become gradually  cooler.
.
Before putting together the final painting, I tried out some techniques of aerial perspective in two simple acrylic colour studies of nearby moorland. I found in these it was necessary to try and use all three principles - moving into the distance what we should be able to see is: controlled loss of focus, reduction of contrasts and cooler colours.

no 1 - acrylic

I used the same sequence in all three paintings – beginning with the sky, reducing the size of the clouds towards the horizon line. Next I used a slightly darker mixture on the distant mountains and blended the edges into the sky. I continued in this fashion, gradually adding warmer tones ie. from pale cool blue in the far distance to warm purple-reds or dark yellowy greens in the foreground, thicker more textured paint and stronger contrasts.
Colourwise, I used cool blues in one painting and purples in the two colour studies, adding more white to reduce contrasts towards the horizon. In the colour studies I also added more white paint towards the horizon. The ground is cool blue shade so I didn’t need to add any of this.

no 2 - acrylic

I one of them (no 2) I like the small dark blotches of nearer clouds. They really seem to add  a sense of receding space and movement to the sky. This was an idea inspired by the artist Richard Pikesley who is very fond of doing the same thing with the clouds in his paintings, giving them what I would call a distinctive quirky look.
In the final one (no3) I laid a ground of artist's painting medium (linseed oil and petroleum distillate) on the surface beforehand. I found this idea in a book called All About Techniques in Oils by Parramon publishers, various artists. According to the project instructions, painting over a base of oil helps to create hazy atmospheric effects. Certainly the paint went on smoothly and it was very easy to blend, but not too much so. The only drawback was the extra drying time and the resulting very shiny surface - this could always be alleviated by a matt varnish when the painting is fully dry. The brushes were a combination of flats and a new filbert brush size 6 which I found to be very versatile and best for depicting tree tops and texture in the foreground.  I also moved the still wet paint around in places with paint pushers and fingers. When the acrylic colour studies were partly dry I rubbed off some paint to expose the ground of streaky cyan and ultramarine on gessoed paper.
However of all three paintings I would say my preference is for no.2. I prefer the palette and I think the overall paint application is more interesting.

painting (no3) - oil

Project Perspective Exercise 3 Linear Perspective

This is a definition of linear perspective taken from the Collins English Dictionary:
n
1. (Art Terms) the branch of perspective in which the apparent size and shape of objects and their position with respect to foreground and background are established by actual or suggested lines converging on the horizon
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003

I made use of a nice morning and went to a nearby village to make sketches and take a few photos. When I arrived there despite looking around for quite a while I had a little difficulty in settling on a view which was to my liking. I wanted to find something with curving lines of buildings for added interest and with a low horizon line to give a sense of space and distance, but it seemed impossible to come by. Finally I chose a spot with a good view of some interesting looking old ramshackle buildings in an alleyway off a crossroads on the main street. Somewhere that I could sit down to sketch relatively undisturbed, or so I thought.. Anyhow, the first sketch  focused only on the old buildings. I decided this looked rather closed in and although the building were receding into the distance there wasn't  much depth. When I zoomed out with my viewfinder a bit more so that the view of the street on my side of the crossroads was visible there was a big improvement in this respect. It also brought into view what I thought was an interesting juxtaposition of angles and shapes. There was  a curve on the edge of the pavement and some beer barrels outside a pub on the corner where there was a tall street lamp outside. Also, being a bright clear morning, there were good contrasts of light and shade, evident in the long shadows. Both the sketch displayed on here and the more finished composition were completed using watercolour pencils and crayons.

 As there is a lot going on below the horizon line I didn’t intend to do much with the sky. As it happened it was blue and cloudless at the time. However I did put some scribbly lines in which possibly detract from it. The foreground shadow is very dominant as it is large and dark and runs from one side to the other. I’m not sure if this is acting as a barrier to the elements behind it. Also the beer barrels – they don’t seem to look as spontaneous and convincing as I would like. Otherwise I do like the way the medium has reacted with the surface watercolour paper giving a broken almost shimmering effect.  I think I have the perspective and proportions reasonable accurate and the composition seems to work.

The second sketch in wax crayon of a street in Kinsale.  Thinking about the techniques Giacometti used in his paintings and drawings I decided to add directional perspective lines from the buildings, continuing out to the edges of the paper, in as many places as possible. It was an interesting exercise. I would also like to try out a painting using a similar technique to one Raoul Dufy would often use - to quote a sentence from the exercise guidelines: using painting diluted to washes to create a sense of indeterminate space that is structured just by line.